Some sci-fi takes liberties with fact, and there’s a time and a place for those stories. But for sci-fi enthusiasts who prefer speculative fiction that’s realistic and based in science, hard science fiction is the answer.
The term ‘hard sci-fi’ originated in a 1957 book review, around 20 years before its inverse term ‘soft sci-fi’ was coined. ‘Hard’ means that the speculation in these sci-fi stories extrapolates from real-world knowledge of natural science. Often—but not always—it’s written by scientists expanding on their own field of study. Renowned hard sci-fi authors include Isaac Asimov, Arthur C. Clarke, Poul Anderson, Michael Crichton, and Kate Wilhelm.
But the relationship between hard science fiction and sci-fi is multidirectional. Much of modern technology was initially envisioned in the pages of a book, or on a TV series like Star Trek. And Asimov’s I, Robot shapes our everyday interactions with artificial intelligence.
In other words, hard sci-fi is inspired by real-world science, and inspires innovation that impacts our real lives. It’s also led to some of the coolest movies, video games, and anime ever.
Here are some of the best speculative fiction reads and watches of the past year.
By Archita Mittra & Jena Brown
Discover this chilling tale from a Grand Master of Science Fiction and other great sci-fi thrillers.
TJ Klune's cozy, queer sci-fi novel won the 2023 Goodreads Choice Award for Best Science Fiction Novel.
It's grim outside, and these books are even grimmer.
By Jena Brown
Twenty winners will receive the seventh book in the bestselling series, The Murderbot Diaries.
Sci-fi and fantasy books are full of interesting tropes. Here are 10 of our favorites.
By Jena Brown
Looking for a new story to try? Keep an eye out for these exciting books.
By Jena Brown
William Shatner’s illustrated memoirs give fans a look behind the curtain of Star Trek movies and TV shows.
Most readers either love or hate these complex, high-concept novels of science fiction and fantasy.
Is there anything better than unraveling a mystery inside an epic setting with characters you can’t help but love? We don’t think so.
By Jena Brown
These authors know how to "science the s***" out of fiction.
By Jena Brown
Enjoy the cool vacuum of space with the warmth of a poolside view.
These books offer reminders about the potential—and perils—of artificial intelligence.
By Jena Brown
These 10 books can help turn sci-fi/fantasy skeptics into devoted fans.
This list features book recommendations from bestselling science fiction authors like Pierce Brown, Liu Cixin, and John Scalzi.
These great science fiction books feature funny yet poignant adventures, set in galaxies far, far away.
Have you read these foundational classics?
By Keith Rice
Even if you didn't love The Martian, you should give Andy Weir another shot with Project Hail Mary.
These great reads prove hard sci-fi isn't just a man's game.
By Orrin Grey
Get hooked on science fiction that's rooted in the facts.